全球氣候變化問題形勢嚴峻，盡管全球合作框架已經搭建起來，但具體條款的落實情況卻不盡如人意，問題究竟如何解決？中國又應扮演什么角色？

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編導：范俏佳

主持人：袁小珊

嘉賓：綠色和平全球總干事 詹妮弗·摩根

詹妮弗·摩根，綠色和平全球總干事，達成《巴黎協定》的幕后推手。她從2016 年 4 月開始擔任全球性環保組織綠色和平的全球總干事。在這之前，她曾經是世界自然基金會（WWF）、世界資源研究所（WRI）等機構的全球氣候項目總監。

二十多年來，氣候變化議題一直是她關注的焦點，她深入參與到《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》下的全球談判，是現任聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會第五次評估報告的評審專家。就在今年，她被知名的政府間智庫型網絡Apolitical 評選為“全球氣候政策影響力人物 TOP100 人”。

她所在的綠色和平組織，是全球知名的國際非政府組織。1971年，從加拿大溫哥華開出了一艘掛有“綠色和平”條幅的漁船，這艘駛向美國阿姆奇特卡島的漁船載著12個人，他們要用行動阻止美國在阿姆奇特卡島的核試驗。從一艘漁船出發，綠色和平逐漸成長為全球最有影響力的環保組織之一，它在全球55個國家和地區設有分部，在全球有超過300萬的支持者。

精彩速遞

袁小珊：

中國在全球環境保護中的角色是什么？有什么特殊性嗎？

So what's the role of china in the global environment protections. What's our specific?

詹妮弗·摩根：

中國顯然是全球最重要的參與者之一，因為它在世界舞臺上如此重要的國家，同時它也是溫室氣體的主要排放者。我認為，特別是現在在特朗普政府時期，更多的人希望中國能夠發揮領導作用，真正推動減少排放的創新型經濟，以及可再生能源的發展。特別是對其他發展中國家而言，中國的行動，和中國與其他發展中國家合作的方式比以往任何時候都更重要。

China is clearly one of the most important players globally, both because it's such an important country on the world stage, and because it is a big contributor to greenhouse gas.So I think that especially now with the trump administration in place,  I think more people are looking to china to play a torch bearing role, to really drive an innovation based economy where emissions are reduced, and where renewable energy grows. And I think particularly for other developing countries, the way that china goes on how china partners with those countries is more important than ever.

當然，發展中國家會看到中國可再生能源的發展，煤炭使用量的減少，以及中國如何實現這些目標，這對印度尼西亞或一些非洲國家等發展中國家來說非常重要。甚至我會說，中國也可以為美國或歐洲的發達國家提供經驗。

I mean I think looking at the growth of renewable energy here in china, looking at the reduction of coal and how china has achieved that is very relevant for places like indonesia or places in africa or you know, all across on the world. And even I would say, you know can provide lessons also for developed countries are back into europe and the united states as well.

袁小珊：

您能否更具體地說明發展中國家和發達國家，應根據自身不同情況，分別做出哪些努力？

Can you be more specific what kind of the efforts developing and developed countries should to make respectively based on their different situations?

詹妮弗·摩根：

當然。我認為《巴黎協定》所做的就是，全世界在整體上需要將碳排放量逐步減少到零，因為我們在氣候變化上處于一個緊急狀態。但很明顯，不同國家有不同的責任。每個國家都要承擔責任，但發達國家需要采取更快的行動。

Sure. I think what the paris agreement did was say, you know, basically as a world, we need to phase out emissions to zero, because we're in a climate emergency. but clearly, there are different responsibilities that are there. So every country has had some responsibility, but developed countries need to act more quickly. 

發展中國家需要更多的時間去逐步實現零排放，歐盟剛剛提出一項建議說，歐盟應當在2050年之前實現零排放的目標。 綠色和平組織提出的倡議是，歐盟在2040年之前達成目標，以便為發展中國家留出更多的時間。但要知道更快的行動對每個國家而言，都是有利的。

Developing countries would have a bit more time on that. or when they need to get to phasing out and going to zero emissions.  the european union has just put out a proposal that they get there by twenty fifty. Greenpeace is saying they need to be there earlier by twenty forty in order to allow developing countries a bit more time.  but the thing I think to know is that it's in every country's interest to move faster.

袁小珊：

你多次提到《巴黎協定》。你如何評價它實施的整體效果？

You mentioned paris agreement for many times. So what's your evaluation of the overall effect after five years?

詹妮弗·摩根：

我認為在整體效果上，第一，它是一個重大的轉變，因為它以一種新的方式將各國凝聚在一起，共同致力于氣候變暖問題。我認為現在的關鍵是落實。那么各國的實施狀況如何呢？好壞參半。我們必須誠實地認識到這一點。有些國家正在向前邁進，但還有其他國家沒有跟上腳步。我認為《巴黎協定》需要被真正地落實，因為在說的時候很容易能說得很好，但真正去做的時候情況就會不同，比如是否真的在逐步淘汰煤炭？在更多地引入可再生能源？在停止砍伐森林？這些都是所有國家需要警惕的。

Well, I think I think the overall effect is number one. It was a very it was a watershed moment because it brought countries together in a new way to work on climate. I think the key now is on implementation. So how are countries doing on implementation? And I think that's mixed. I think we have to be honest about that. I think some countries are moving forward in our meeting their targets, but I think there's others,that are further behind.  and so I think it really requires a level of diligence on the ground, because it's easy to have kind of a nice statement. But when it gets into, okay, are we facing out cold? Are we bringing in renewable energy? Are we stopping deforestation?  you know, that's where we need all countries to remain vigilant.